装运时间的规定
一、装运时间的规定
1-1 课文：When buyer and seller discuss the terms of the contract, terms of shipment are compulsory.
注释：discuss: 讨论，协商 terms of contract: 合同条款 terms of shipment: 装运条款 compulsory: 必须的，强迫的
这句话的大致意思是：当买卖双方讨论合同条款是，装运条款是必不可少的。
1-2 课文：Terms of shipment include methods of transport, time of shipment, partial shipment and transshipment, port or place of loading and unloading, shipment documents, etc. Here only time of shipment will be discussed.
核心句：Terms of shipment include...
注释：methods of transport: 运输方式 time of shipment: 装运时间 partial shipment: 分批装运 transshipment: 转船 shipment documents: 装运单据
在贸易合同中必须明确规定是否分批装运，是否转船，如果没有明确规定，则视为允许分批装运或者转船
这句话大致意思是：装运条款包括运输方式，装运时间，分批装运和转船的规定，装货和卸货的港口或者地方，装运单据，等等。这里需要协商的是装运的时间。
1-3课文: Time of shipment refers to the time limit for loading the goods on board the vessel at port of shipment (If shipment is made by sea.).
注释：limit: 规定，约束，限制 on board the vessel: 装上船
这句话大致意思是：装船时间是指规定货物在装运港码头装上船的时间(海运条件下)
二、规定装运时间的几种方式及其说明(考试重点)：
2-1 合同中常用来规定装运时间的几种方式：来源:考试大网
1. Shipment on or about June.20, 2002. 于或约于2002年6月20日装运
2. Shipment not later than July 31st, 2002. Or, Latest shipment date: July 31st, 2002. 装运时间不迟于2002年7月31日，或者最迟装运期为：2002年7月31日
注释:no later than...: 不迟于...; latest: 最迟的
3. Shipment to be made during Jun/July, 2002. 在2002年6月/7月期间装船
4. Shipment within 15 days after receipt of remittance. 收到汇款后15日之内装船。
注释：receipt: 收到; remittance: 汇款
5. Shipment within 30 days after receipt of L/C. In order to prevent the buyer from opening the L/C late, the exporter should stipulate at the same time “ The relevant L/C must reach the seller not later than August 20, 2002” 在收到信用证后30天内装船。为了防止买方开立信用证时间过晚，出口商应该同时规定“相关信用证必须不迟于2002年8月20日到达卖方”
注释：L/C: Letter of credit 信用证 prevent...from...: 防止...; stipulate: 规定; at the same time: 同时 relevant: 相关的; reach:到达
2-2 条款的解释：
1. According to UCP 500, if the expression “ on or about ” or similar expressions are used, banks will interpret them as a stipulation that shipment is to be made during the period from five days before to five days after the specified date, both end days included. 如使用“于或约于”之类词语限定装运日期，银行将视为在所述日起前后各五天内装运，起讫日包括在内。
注释：UCP500: 《跟单信用证统一惯例》国际商会第500号出版物; expression: 说明，措词，表达方式，用词 similar: 类似的; specified: 规定的，指定的
例如：如果信用证中规定装运期为“on or about July 20, 2002,” 那么这个货物应该是在7月15日到7月25日这期间发货，包括7月15日和7月25日在内。
2. The words “to”, “till”, “from” and words of similar expressions applying to any date or period in the credit referring to shipment will be understand to include the date mentioned. The word “after” will be understand to exclude the date mentioned. 诸如“止”、“至”、“直至”、“从”及类似意义的词语用于限定信用中有关装运的任何日期或期限时，应理解为包括所述日期。如“在...之后”应理解为不包括所述日期。
注释：apply to: 适用于，用于 mentioned: 提及的，所述的 include:包括; exclude: 不包括
3. The terms “first half”, “second half” of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 15th, and the 16th to the last day of such month, all dates inclusive. “上半月”和“下半月”应分别理解为自每月“1日至15日”和“16日至月末最后一天”，包括起讫日。
注释：first half: 上半时 second half: 下半时 construe: 解释 respectively: 分别的，相应的 inclusive: 包含的
4. The terms “beginning”, “middle”, or “end” of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 10th, the 11th to the 20th, and the 21st to the last day of such month, all dates inclusive. “月初”、“月中”和“月末”应分别理解为每月1日至10日、11日至20日和21日至月末最后一天，包括起讫日期。
三、贸易双方在讨论装运时间时应注意的4点：(考试重点)
1.The exporter should consider whether he can get the goods ready before the shipment date and whether the ship is available if the goods are ready. 出口商应当考虑能否在装运日期前将货物备妥。如果货物能备妥，是否能配上载货的船只。
注释：consider: 考虑 get sth. ready: 把...准备好
2.The time of shipment should be stipulated in a clear and flexible way. 装运时间的规定应当清楚、灵活。
比如:
1)shipment on or about July 20 于或约于7月20日发货。(即灵活又清楚)
2)shipment on July 20. 这种规定，虽然很清楚，但是不灵活，如果卖方不能在7月20日发货，则构成违约(break contract)
3)Expression such as “ prompt”, “immediately”, “as soon as possible”, and the like should not be used. If they are used banks will disregard them. If these terms are used, disputes may occur because there is no uniform explanation of these terms. 不应该使用诸如“迅速”、“立即”、“尽快”之类的词语，如使用此词语，银行将不予置理。如果使用了这些词语，将会因为对这些词语没有统一的解释而出现争议
注释：clear: 在这里是“清楚，明白”之意; flexible: 灵活的，可塑造的;break contract: 违约;prompt: 迅速的，立刻的;immediately: 立即 as soon as possible: 尽快;disregard: 不予理睬，不管，漠视;terms: 在这里是“措词，用语”之意;dispute: 争执，争议，争论;occur: (事情的)发生;explanation: 解释，说明
3.Sometimes, the L/C simply stipulates and expiry date without a shipment date, which means these two dates the same. 有时，信用证只规定一个有效期，而没有装运时间的规定，这意味着装运期和有效期为同一天。
比如：the L/C stipulates that the expiry date is July 31st without a shipment date, then the latest shipment date is also July 31st. 如信用证规定有效期为7月31日，而没有规定装运时间，那么，最迟的装运期也是7月31日。
In this case, the exporter should ship the goods much earlier than July 31st so that he can leave enough time for himself to get all the documents ready and present the documents to his bank within the validity of the L/C. If the exporter ships the goods on July 31st, it is very difficult for him to present the documents to the bank on the same day. 在这种情况下，出口商应早于7月31日装运以便能为自己留有足够的时间备齐所有的单据，并将这些单据在信用证规定的交单期内提交给银行。如果出口商在7月31日装运货物，则很难在同一天将单据交给银行。
注释：sometimes: 有时 expiry date: 有效期; the same: 一样; without: 没有，无; in this case: 在这种情况下(in that case: 如果是那样的话;earlier: early的比较级，早的，更早的。(earlier than 早于...);leave: 留下; enough: 足够的;present: 提出，呈递(动词);validity: 有效(如：the term of validity: 有效期间)
4.The Expiry Date 有效期 ( 两种情况)
1) if the expiry date of the credit and/or the last day of the period of time for presentation of documents stipulated by the credit falls on a day on which the bank to which presentation has to be made is closed, the stipulated expiry date and/or the last day of the period of time after the date of shipment for presentation of documents, as the case many be, shall be extended to the first following day on which such bank is open. 如信用证的到期日及/或信用证固定的交单期限的最后一天适逢接受单据的银行不营业，则规定的到期日及/或装运日后一定期限内交单的最后一天顺延至该银行开业的第一个营业日。
核心句子：if the expiry date of credit and/or the last day of the period... falls on a da